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In a direction away from a centre point.

A mixture of ammonium nitrate and fuel oil with or without a dye colouring agent.

The standard mix is 5.8% Fuel Oil by weight.

As diesel has a density of 0.8 this relates to a mix of 7.5 litres of diesel to 100kg of AN.

(Definition from AS2187.0)

Heavy ANFO is a blend of ANFO with up to 50% emulsion added.

Adding emulsion replaces some of the air pockets between the prills and increases the density, energy and water resistance whilst reducing sensitivity.

Heavy ANFO is sensitised by the remaining air gaps between and within the AN prills and does not generally require chemical gassing.

Heavy ANFO is generally to thick to pump and must be augered into blastholes.

A flexible cord with a solid core of high explosives, commonly PETN.

Vibration of the atmosphere due to the release of explosives energy.

The three main sources of airblast are rock release pulse, stemming release pulse and rock piston effect.

1. Rock release is where the face bursts due to inadequate burden.
2. Stemming release is due to rifling or cratering of the blast hole collar.
3. Rock piston is the large, low frequency, movement of air driven by the movement and swelling of the blasted rock mass.

ALANFO A mixture of ANFO and aluminium powder. Adding aluminium increases the strength. As aluminium is a fuel a reduced quantity of diesel is required.

Ammonium Nitrate (AN), meeting the requirements of UN1942.

The chemical compound ammonium nitrate, the nitrate of ammonia with the chemical formula NH₄NO₃, is a white crystalline solid at room temperature and standard pressure. It is commonly used in agriculture as a high-nitrogen fertilizer, and it has also been used as an oxidizing agent in explosives, including improvised explosive devices. It is the main component of ANFO and emulsion explosives which account for over 80% explosives used in Australia.

AN used for ANFO manufacture is referred to as PPAN meaning Porous Prilled Ammonium Nitrate.

Prilled is the term for a small aggregate of a material, most often a dry sphere, formed from a melted liquid

Porous because the prills contain voids to soak up the diesel fuel.

Approval by the regulatory authority having jurisdiction.

Other magazines, process buildings and storages of energetic materials, eg. ammonium nitrate or Class 5 dangerous goods.

The person authorized by the regulatory authority having jurisdiction, or authorized by management to carry out a particular duty.