One joule is defined as the amount of energy exerted when a force of one newton is applied over a displacement of one meter. One joule is the equivalent of one watt of power radiated or dissipated for one second.

In different layers.

Pb(N3)2

High explosive, readily initiated. Used as a primary explosive in detonators.
Reacts instantly from moderate levels of F.I.S.H. to full velocity detonation.

Lead azide is highly sensitive and usually handled and stored under water in insulated rubber containers. It will explode after a fall of around 150 mm.

Lead Azide is a white to buff coloured granular substance although it is often mixed with graphite to reduce friction sensitivity making it dark gey to black in appearance

Lead Azide is the most common primary explosive used in detonators although Lead Styphnate has also been used.

The wires, usually paired, permanently attached to an electric detonator.

A length of shock tube terminating at one end with a detonator and the other end factory sealed.

Used in place of a firing line to initiate a blast from a remote location.

Single use only.

A 300 meter lead in line.

Lifter pipes are short lengths of poly pipe inserted into lifter holes immediately after drilling to prevent drill cuttings and mud from blocking them.

Lifter pipe is usually cut from 'blue stripe' poly pipe.

The mass of explosive in kilograms per linear metre charged in a blast hole of a given diameter.

The area under the direct control and authority of the shotfirer from the time charging of explosives begins until the area is declared safe.
Also referred to as ‘Charge Site’ or ‘Charge Area’. The load area includes shots being loaded or about to be loaded that have been demarcated by the appropriate barricades. The load area also includes any shots that are sleeping

Load or Charge rule define how holes are to be loaded based on the condition of the hole (depth, water, wet walls).

When applied to charge patterns, charge rules create hole specific load definitions describing all the explosives and inert decks and the in-hole initiation system for all holes in the charge pattern.

Charge rules are derived from charge standards. Local copies of charge rules are saved against charge patterns to prevent subsequent changes altering the charge detail.

Charge rules are drill diameter specific, this means that a charge pattern needs to have the same diameter blast hole.
This is a safety requirement as minimum stemming for flyrock control is directly related to blast hole diameter.

Load, or Charge sheets define on a hole by hole basis how every individual hole in the blast pattern is to be loaded.