A method of controlled blasting in which the line holes are fired prior to the main charge to create a crack to prevent disturbance beyond the final batter line.

Precursor - A material consisting of fuels and oxidisers that are mixed and where the material is intended to be used exclusively in the production of an explosive. In order for such substances to be categorised as a precursor, evidence shall be produced demonstrating that the substance cannot cook-off leading to a mass violent reaction.

An example of an explosives precursor is ungassed emulsion.

As precursors can be shown not to detonate they are generally classed as 5.1 Oxidising Agents and not as a 1.1D explosive.

To change a 5.1 precursor into an 1.1D explosive a sensitiser must be added. This is generally in the form of nitrogen bubbles (gassing) which will reduce the density to below 1.3 g/cc.

An explosive, sensitive to spark, flame, impact or friction, used in a detonator to initiate the explosion.

A booster or cartridge carrying a detonator or coupled to a detonating cord by which the remainder of the charge is detonated

Primer made up using cast booster

Primer using small diameter packaged explosives

A primed hole - the first primer is loaded, the second is still at the collar.

A building on premises licensed for the manufacture or storage of explosives, other than for immediate use, in which any explosive is manufactured or any ingredient of explosive is used in a manufacturing process.

Benefits of process mapping

Process mapping spotlights waste, streamlines work processes and builds understanding. Process mapping allows you to visually communicate the important details of a process rather than writing extensive directions.

Specific benefits include:

• Enables understanding of the process. Without understanding attempts at improvement will have random outcomes.

• Complexity of processes and lack of understanding constrains management’s attempts to improve processes

• Analytical skills and process mapping skills allow us to understand and communicate processes to management, staff and users

• Identification of efficiency issues and where systems can support these.

• Enables concise and consistent documentation to be developed. Includes procedures, work instructions, standards and training systems.

A process step in a process generally refers to a change or transition.

Process steps are triggered by an input and deliver an output different to the input (the transition). Often there is a feedback loop to trigger the process again if the output does not meet a specific standard.

Class A: Public street, road or thoroughfare, railway, navigable waterway, dock, wharf, pier or jetty, marketplace, public recreation and sports ground or other open place where the public is accustomed to assemble, open place of work in another occupancy, river-wall, seawall, reservoir, water main (above ground), radio or television transmitter, main electrical substation, private road which is the principal means of access to a church, chapel, college, school, hospital or factory.

Class B: Dwelling house, public building, church, chapel, college, school, hospital, theatre, cinema or other building or structure where the public is accustomed to assemble, shop, factory, warehouse, store, building in which any person is employed in any trade or business, depot for the keeping of flammable or dangerous goods, major dam.

An ANE pump incident which involves sufficient overheating to be observed by pump operators (e.g. very hot pump body, visible smoke), or which causes the operation of a temperature protective element (temperature trip or thermofuse).